Copyright
Vicarious Copyright Infringement
Liability for someone else's infringement where the defendant had the right and ability to supervise it and a direct financial interest in it.
Pleaded in 9 of the 98 matters on this docket
Governing law
Judge-made doctrine; Shapiro, Bernstein & Co. v. H.L. Green Co., 316 F.2d 304 (2d Cir. 1963); MGM Studios v. Grokster, 545 U.S. 913 (2005)
Damages
Same remedies as direct infringement — the vicarious infringer is jointly and severally liable.
Limitations period
Three years, 17 U.S.C. 507(b).
Reference material about publicly available law, current as of the date this file was compiled. It is not legal advice and it does not describe anyone’s particular situation. Statutes and limitations periods vary by jurisdiction and change.
Matters pleading this claim
Warner Bros. v. Midjourney
C.D. Cal. · 2:25-cv-08376
Midjourney image and video generation service
Filed 2025-09-04 · Individual Action
DiscoveryUnconfirmedDisney & Universal v. Midjourney
C.D. Cal. · 2:25-cv-05275 (JAK-AJR)
Midjourney image and video generation service
Filed 2025-06-11 · Individual Action
DiscoveryIn re OpenAI Copyright MDL
S.D.N.Y. · 1:25-md-03143 (SHS-OTW)
ChatGPT / GPT-series models
Filed 2025-04-03 · MDL
MDL ConsolidatedNazemian & Dubus v. NVIDIA
N.D. Cal. · 4:24-cv-01454 (JST)
NeMo Megatron / Megatron-family large language models
Filed 2024-03-08 · Class Action
DiscoveryUnconfirmedNYT v. Microsoft & OpenAI
S.D.N.Y. · 1:23-cv-11195 (SHS-OTW)
ChatGPT, GPT-4, Microsoft Copilot / Bing Chat
Filed 2023-12-27 · MDL
MDL ConsolidatedAuthors Guild v. OpenAI
S.D.N.Y. · 1:23-cv-08292
ChatGPT / GPT-series models
Filed 2023-09-19 · MDL
MDL ConsolidatedTremblay v. OpenAI
S.D.N.Y. (transferred from N.D. Cal.) · 1:25-cv-03482 (orig. N.D. Cal. 3:23-cv-03223)
ChatGPT / GPT-series models
Filed 2023-06-28 · MDL
MDL ConsolidatedUnconfirmedAndersen v. Stability AI
N.D. Cal. · 3:23-cv-00201 (WHO)
Stable Diffusion, Midjourney, DreamUp, Runway image models
Filed 2023-01-13 · Class Action
DiscoveryUnconfirmedIn re Google Generative AI
N.D. Cal. · 5:23-cv-03440
Bard / Gemini and Imagen
Filing date not established · Class Action
ActiveUnconfirmed